Bibliography (Total Listings:  334)

• Sorted by Main Publication Title
• Sorted by Article Title
• Sorted by Author/Editor
• Sorted by Date

Milestones

• 1870  Charles Warren publishes the first excavated LMLK handles (ZP, circles, plus mark, & MMST (read only as "ST")--all 2-winged specimens).
• 1874  C. Clermont-Ganneau publishes the first HBRN handle (unidentified until 1900).
• 1881  J. Baker Greene proposes that the inscriptions name potters.
• 1893  A.H. Sayce identifies the first SUKE inscription (from the original excavation) & proposes that the inscriptions name local deities.
• 1898-1900  Over 70 LMLK handles are excavated from 4 Shephelah tells (Gath, Azekah, Moresheth-Gath, Mareshah).
• 1899  F.J. Bliss publishes the first HBRN handle properly identified (found at Azekah), which was also the first 4-winged specimen; he proposes that the inscriptions name places.
• 1899  C. Clermont-Ganneau identifies the 4-winged icon as a scarab, & proposes that the jars were used for military supplies build-up.
• 1900  F.J. Bliss publishes the first complete MMST inscription & forms a typology of 11 classes.
• 1900  C. Clermont-Ganneau proposes that the inscriptions name administrative districts.
• 1901  Fritz Hommel proposes that MMST = Mampsis (Kurnub).
• 1902  R.A.S. Macalister publishes the first LMLK paleography chart.
• 1911  H. Vincent publishes the first top-register impression, M2T from Jerusalem, although the first one was excavated at Gezer by Macalister a few years earlier.
• 1916  J.B. Chabot publishes a LMLK corpus of 87.
• 1925  W.F. Albright proposes that the 2-winged icon represents a scroll.
• 1926-1935  Over 80 LMLK handles are excavated from Nasbeh (including the first 2 LMLK pithos handles, although they were not published until 2002; also, the first restorable LMLK jar was excavated here in 1927).
• 1932  William Foxwell Albright proposes that King Hezekiah established 4 fiscal districts named on the LMLK jars.
• 1932-1938  Over 300 LMLK handles are excavated from Lachish (including the BT LMLK jar).
• 1941  David Diringer publishes the first classification of LMLK seal types (4 names sub-divided into 3 classes).
• 1941  Charles H. Inge publishes the first LMLK jar volumes (Lachish #5400 & Lachish #5461).
• 1942  E.L. Sukenik publishes the first photo of a restored LMLK jar (Lachish Jar 5461).
• 1945  H.L. Ginsberg proposes that MMST is slang for Jerusalem.
• 1948  Olga Tufnell proposes that the inscriptions name vineyards.
• 1949  David Diringer publishes a LMLK corpus of 550.
• 1949  The results of the first chemical analysis of LMLK jar handles is published (BA vol. 12 #4).
• 1956-1957  Over 90 LMLK handles are excavated from Gibeon.
• 1959  James B. Pritchard publishes the first detailed analysis of the circles.
• 1959-1962  Over 140 LMLK handles are excavated from Ramat Rahel including the first handle with both a LMLK & personal seal.
• 1961-1967  Over 100 LMLK handles are excavated from Jerusalem.
• 1961  Yigael Yadin proposes that the inscriptions name military zones.
• 1969  Peter Welten publishes the first book devoted to LMLK research including the first detailed (second major) classification of LMLK seal types & a corpus of 804.
• 1969  A.F. Rainey excavates the first recognized LMLK pithos handle at Beersheba.
• 1971  A.D. Tushingham proposes that the 4-winged icon represents the northern kingdom & the 2-winged icon represents the southern kingdom.
• 1976  David Ussishkin publishes the first jars with both LMLK & personal seals on separate handles (Lachish #10074 & Lachish #10457).
• 1978  David Ussishkin publishes the first LMLK jars with signficant deviations in volume (Lachish #8580 & Lachish #10091).
• 1981  Andre Lemaire publishes the third major classification of LMLK seal types & the first one to distinguish a generic seal (Type X II by Lemaire, considered a MMST variation by Welten based on a suggestion by Aharoni, designated Type G2T within this website).
• 1984  A comprehensive, detailed chemical analysis of LMLK jars is published.
• 1985  Amihai Mazar publishes the first LMLK impression made from another LMLK impression (Timnah Jar 7094).
• 1988  Yosef Garfinkel publishes a LMLK corpus of 1,198.
• 1999  Andrew G. Vaughn publishes a LMLK corpus (the first to include unprovenanced handles) of 1,716.
• 2002  The first website devoted to LMLK research is published.
• 2003  Gordon Govier conducts the first discussion of LMLK handles on a radio broadcast with Andy Vaughn.
• 2003  Michael Welch publishes over 90 handles from his private collection.
• 2004  G.M. Grena publishes "LMLK--A Mystery Belonging to the King vol. 1", the first comprehensive book in English on the subject.
• 2005  The English Wikipedia includes an entry for "LMLK seal".
• 2005  The only unbroken Type 484 jar is published (from the Harvey Herbert collection).
• 2012  Robert Cargill publishes the first LMLK excavation video, in which Omer Sergi misorients & misidentifies the stamp.
• xxxx  (the mystery continues)