Abbreviations

AASOR The Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research
B&I The Bible and Interpretation
B&S Bible and Spade (published by Associates for Biblical Research)
BA Biblical Archaeologist (published by the American Schools of Oriental Research)
BAR Biblical Archaeology Review (published by The Biblical Archaeology Society)
BASOR Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research
HTR The Harvard Theological Review
IEJ Israel Exploration Journal (published by The Israel Exploration Society)
JBS The Journal of Biblical Studies
JNES Journal of Near Eastern Studies (published by The University of Chicago Press)
LRW The LMLK Research Website
NEASB Near East Archaeological Society Bulletin (published by The Near East Archaeological Society )
PEQ [The] Palestine Exploration [Fund] Quarterly [Statement]
PSBA Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology
RB Revue Biblique (published by L'Ecole Biblique et Archeologique Francaise)
TA Tel Aviv (Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University)
VT Vetus Testamentum (periodical by the International Organization for the Study of the Old Testament)
ZDPV Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palastina-Vereins

Bibliography

For your convenience, 3 other versions of the bibliography are provided below:

If you know of another book or magazine with significant LMLK content (i.e., any photos/drawings or at least 1 page of text), please submit it via E-mail to the address shown in the menu to the left.

Sorted by Date (Total Years with Publications / Years Since First Publication: 107 / 143)

Note: All photos & plates are black/white unless stated as being in color.

MAIN PUBLICATION TITLE	ARTICLE TITLE	AUTHOR &/or EDITOR	DATE	COMMENTS
PEQ vol. 2	Phoenician Inscription on Jar Handles	Warren, Charles	30 September 1870	(click here for complete transcription)
Recovery of Jerusalem, The		Chester, Greville J. & Warren, Capt.	1871	Minor additional details beyond the original report (3 pages, 2 drawings--both appear twice in the same book but different chapters)
Harper's New Monthly Magazine vol. 43 #254	[Review of] "The Recovery of Jerusalem"	Abbott, Lyman	July 1871	Mentions Warren's handles with Phoenician characters & includes his 2 drawings
Our Work in Palestine		Palestine Exploration Fund	1873	Mentions "King Zepha" & "King Shat" via Birch, & "crest of an eagle" (3 pages, 2 drawings of the original handles)
Underground Jerusalem: An Account of Some of the Principal Difficulties Encountered in Its Exploration & the Results Obtained		Warren, Charles	1876	Less than a page of remarks surrounding the first handles with 2 drawings
PEQ vol. 13	Some Remarks on the Interpretation of the Impressions on the Vase Handles Found at the Foot of the Temple Wall	Greene, J. Baker	October 1881	Analyzes the inscriptions in consideration of Molech-worship & proposes that they are compound deity names (i.e., LMLK ZF = "To the Lord (Molech) who watches" (7 pages)
Journal Asiatique ser. 8 vol. 1	Sceaux et Cachets	Clermont-Ganneau, M. Charles	Feb/Mar 1883	French article that analyzes 6 of Warren's original handles, refutes the theory that they name kings or offerings to the pagan deity, & proposes that they name potters (2 pages)
Recent Discoveries on the Temple Hill at Jerusalem		King, James	1884	Identifies the icon as Baal via Aten & inscriptions as "To King Zepha" & King Shat via Birch, & potter names via Clermont-Ganneau (3 pages, 2 drawings of the original handles)
Survey of Western Palestine: Jerusalem, The	Excavations Round the Noble Sanctuary, 1867-1870	Warren, Charles	1884	Minor additional details beyond the original report (2 pages, 2 drawings)
Survey of Western Palestine: Jerusalem, The	On the Pottery & Glass Found in the Excavations	Chester, Greville & Warren, Charles & Conder, Claude Reignier	1884	Minor additional details beyond the original report (1 page, 2 drawings)
Twenty-One Years' Work in the Holy Land		Palestine Exploration Fund & Besant, Walter	1886	Drawings of the 2 original handles (shown upside-down) & says their Phoenician characters are variously interpreted
Histoire de l'Art dans l'Antiquite, Tome IV, Judee		Perrot, Georges & Chipiez, Charles	1887	French book that sides with Clermont-Ganneau's 1883 article over Greene's from 1881 (2 pages & Z2D handle illustration)
PEQ vol. 25	Cuneiform & Other Inscriptions Found at Lachish & Elsewhere in the South of Palestine, The	Sayce, A.H.	January 1893	Only one paragraph that mentions similarities between concentric circles on an ivory plaque & a royal Egyptian scarab with those on the LMLK handles; also provides details about 4 of Warren's original handles
PEQ vol. 25	Phoenician Inscriptions on the Vase Handles Found at Jerusalem, The	Sayce	July 1893	Interprets LMLK --ST as Melech-Sheth, LMLK SUKE as Melech-Shochoh, LMLK ZF as Melech-Ziph & discusses Canaanite & Egyptian deity names (2 pages)
Thirty Years' Work in the Holy Land		Besant, Walter	1895	Expanded edition of "Twenty Years' Work in the Holy Land" with same drawings of the 2 original handles
PSBA vol. 20 #155	Herodian Pottery & the Siloam Inscription	Pilcher, E.J.	June 1898	Argues for dating Hezekiah's tunnel inscription & the LMLK seals to King Herod (includes drawings of 4 of the original 6 impressions excavated by Warren along with the first 2 handle illustrations of a Z2D & Plus mark)
Archaeological Researches in Palestine During the Years 1873-1874, Vol. I		Clermont-Ganneau, Charles	1899	Includes drawings of 2 handles, one with Circles (later found to also have a faint H2x impression) & one with a Plus Mark
PEQ vol. 31	Second Report on the Excavations at Tell Zakariya	Bliss, F.J.	April 1899	Interprets the first LMLK HBRN handle as "King of Hebron" & dates them between Caleb's conquest & King Saul (2 pages plus drawing of H4L)
PEQ vol. 31	Note on the Objects Discovered by Dr. Bliss at Tell Zakariya	Sayce, A.H.	July 1899	Describes 3 handles (two S2x & one Z2U), reaffirms his geographical name theory but drops his deity theory, & comments on the lack of a definite article in "LMLK" indicating a Phoenician style (about 1 page of relevant content)
PEQ vol. 31	Note on the Inscribed Jar-Handle & Weight found at Tell Zakariya	Clermont-Ganneau, C.	July 1899	Identifies the 2 icons with Egyptian symbols, encourages the city-names theory, establishes the popular reading "To the King.--(city)", & proposes that the jars were related to a military build-up (4 pages plus a paragraph quoting H.V. Hilprecht who proposes dating the seals to the range 300-1 B.C. instead of from Joshua to Saul & identifies the inscriptions with potters)
PEQ vol. 31	Third Report on the Excavations at Tell Zakariya	Bliss, F.J.	July 1899	Discusses 12 handles found at Azekah & interprets their icons & inscriptions in conjunction with the original 6 found at Jerusalem (3 pages plus drawings of 9 impressions)
RB vol. 8 #3	Chronique--Notes Archaeologiques et Nouvelles: Les Fouilles Anglaises a Tell Zakariya	Vincent, H.	July 1899	French article that reviews & rejects the Molok & regional king theories in light of the newly discovered H4L from Azekah (2 pages)
PEQ vol. 32	Fourth Report on the Excavations at Tell Zakariya	Bliss, F.J.	January 1900	Describes 4 handles found at Azekah (1 page plus drawing of Z4CI)
PEQ vol. 32	Age of the Inscribed Jar-Handles from Palestine, The	Sayce, A.H.	January 1900	Limits the LMLK timeframe based on 4 criteria--a handle with a stamped oval cartouche found at Tell El-Amarna, concentric circles, upward winged icons, & 1Chronicles 4, all of which narrows them to the 8th century (4 pages plus El-Amarna handle photo)
PEQ vol. 32	Second Report on the Excavations at Tell Ej-Judeideh	Bliss, F.J.	July 1900	Presents a classification system based on 37 handles found at Moresheth-Gath & the first comprehensive analysis of the handles, symbols, inscriptions, & possible dates (13 pages; drawings of 8 impressions)
PEQ vol. 32	List of Casts & Wax Impressions of Stamped Jar-Handles	Bliss, F.J.	July 1900	A single page with vague descriptions of 5 handles from Moresheth-Gath & 6 from Azekah
PEQ vol. 32	Inscribed Jar-Handles of Palestine	Clermont-Ganneau	July 1900	Corrects the reading of a handle excavated in 1874 from NB to HBRN (1 page)
RB vol. 9 #4	Chronique: Les Fouilles Anglaises	L. (probably Victor Lecoffre)	October 1900	French article that reviews theories by Bliss & Clermont-Ganneau concluding that MMST is not Moresheth-Gath (2 pages)
Expository Times vol. 12, The	MMST--Mampsis	Hommel, Fritz	October 1900 - September 1901	One-paragraph thesis with ancient references to Mampsis
Recueil d'Archeologie Orientale, Tome IV		Clermont-Ganneau, Ch.	1901	French book that reiterates & elaborates on his Journal Asiatique ser. 8 vol. 1 & PEQ vol. 31 publications (20 pages plus drawings of Warren's first 2 handles, the first H4L handle, & the 9 stamps published by Bliss in "Third Report on the Excavations at Tell Zakariya")
PEQ vol. 33	Jar-Handle Inscriptions I	Wright, Theodore F.	January 1901	Restates the original reports & possible interpretations, notably the icon being associated with the Hebrew 'RB (i.e., scarab; 2 pages)
PEQ vol. 33	Jar-Handle Inscriptions II	Conder, C.R.	January 1901	Discusses the importance of the discovery of the first clear MMST inscription with the interpretation, "Dedicated to the Moloch who presides over the water that will be drawn (MST) by means of this jar" (1 page)
Biblical World vol. 17, The	Exploration & Discovery: Jar-Handles	Wright, Theodore F.	February 1901	Single page suggested interpretation of "for Moloch" or "for the lord" (drawing of H4L handle & impression)
RB vol. 10	Bulletin	Lecoffre, V.	1901	French article that belittles the interpretations of Wright & Conder published in English journals earlier in the year (1 page)
Ephemeris fur Semitische Epigraphik		Lidzbarski, Mark	1902	German bibliography with comments about LMLK articles (about 7 pages of text & a drawing of an H4L)
Excavations in Palestine During the Years 1898-1900		Bliss, Frederick Jones & Macalister, R.A. Stewart	1902	Includes a 13-page chapter analyzing 80 handles (18 specific ones illustrated) recovered from the Shephelah mounds with comparisons of theories for the icons, inscriptions, & dating (photo of 3 handles (2 S2U & 1 H4L) & the first LMLK paleography chart)
Jewish Encyclopedia vol. 10 Philipson-Samoscz, The	Pottery	Singer, Isidore & Hirsch, Emil G. & Bliss, Frederick J.	1905	Description of Jewish Period stamps that compares the theories of Bliss & Macalister--Royal Potteries vs. District Centers, respectively (1 page of text with H4L stamp & handle drawings)
PEQ vol. 37	Craftsmen's Guild of the Tribe of Judah, The	Macalister, R.A. Stewart	July 1905	Chapters 1-3 of a detailed & creative interpretation of genealogies in 1Chronicles 4 based on the theory that the LMLK inscriptions represent potters (10 pages)
PEQ vol. 37	Craftsmen's Guild of the Tribe of Judah (Conclusion), The	Macalister, R.A. Stewart	October 1905	Chapters 4-6 of a detailed & creative interpretation of genealogies in 1Chronicles 4 based on the theory that the LMLK inscriptions represent potters, & concludes that MMST & ZYF impressions date to the apostasy of Joash while the HBRN & SUKE ones date to the reign of Ahaz (14 pages plus full-page genealogy chart)
Bible Side-Lights from the Mound of Gezer		Macalister, R.A. Stewart	1906	Includes a chapter, "The Craftsmen of Judah", with a creative interpretation of 1Chronicles 4:16-23 based on the LMLK inscriptions (14 pages, 1 plate of 3 handles (2 S2U & 1 H4L))
Neue Kirchliche Beitschrift vol. 17	Die in Palastina Ausgegrabenen Altisraelitischen Krugstempel	Sellin, D. (Ernst?)	1906	German article that analyzes the major theories & proposes a combination of one by Sayce & one by Macalister--that some names in 1Chronicles 2-4 should be interpreted as places rather than people, that MMST=Mareshah, & that the 4 words represent 4 potteries established by Uzziah (10 pages)
Canaan d'Apres l'Exploration Recente		Vincent, Hugues	1907	French book with a brief argument for locating the royal potteries in the area of Hebron (4 pages of text; 1 plate of 3 handles (2 S2U & 1 H4L))
Revue Archeologique ser. 4, vol. 12	Poids Bilingue Provenant de Palestine	Dussaud, Rene	July-December 1908	French article that compares plaque-weights with "Palace of the king of Assyria--1 Mina of the King" written in Assyrian cuneiform & "MNE MLK" in Aramean Paleo-Hebrew to LMLK seals as royal measures established after conquering Judah (6 pages; photos of 1 H4L & 2 S2U handles & lion-shaped plaque)
Modern Research as Illustrating the Bible		Driver, S.R.	1909	Summary of evidence & theories (3 pages of text, 1 page of 15 impression drawings borrowed from "Excavations in Palestine")
Palastina und Seine Kultur in Funf Jahrtausenden		Thomsen, Peter	1909	German book with a single-page overview explaining MMST as a mystery/riddle, Mampsis perhaps--note that in his 1932 revision of this book published as "Alte Orient vol. 30" he listed Moreseth & Moza instead of MMST (photo of 1 H4L & 2 S2U handles)
PSBA vol. 32 #238	Jewish Royal Pottery Stamps, The	Pilcher, E.J.	March 1910	Discussion of the 4 major Palestinian strata (using many quotes from Bliss) in an attempt to narrow down the date of LMLK ware (9 pages of text plus photos of a Z4CI & S2U)
PSBA vol. 32 #239	Jewish Royal Pottery Stamps (continued), The	Pilcher, E.J.	May 1910	Presentation of Persian 2-winged icons to support dating all LMLK seals to Persian rule around 375 BC (9 pages of text; photos of a Z4CI & 3 coins bearing 2-winged icons; drawings of similar, significant 2-winged icons)
Underground Jerusalem: Discoveries on the Hill of Ophel (1909-11)		Vincent, H.	1911	Published in French & English, this book includes a paragraph that interprets an M2T seal as Moresheth (drawings of the complete handle & impression)
Excavation of Gezer 1902-1905 & 1907-1909 vol. 2, The		Macalister, R.A. Stewart	1912	Includes a page of text regarding an M2T seal & a drawing of it along with a brief reiteration of his 1Chronicles 4 interpretation (also includes a drawing of a LMLK weight)
RB vol. 9	Chronique: Les Recentes Fouilles d'Ophel	Vincent, H.	1912	French article presenting an M2T excavated in Jerusalem, which appears to have "MRST" instead of "MMST" prompting the author to identify it with Moresheth (3 pages with 5 detailed drawings of the handle & impression)
Jericho: Die Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen		Sellin, Ernst & Watzinger, Carl	1913	German book with a paragraph of description & photo of an S2DR handle
Archaeology & the Bible		Barton, George A.	May 1916	Single page summary of LMLK jars as "Israelitish" pottery that changed slightly with later editions from complete uncertainty to identify MMST in the Negeb as 1 of 4 administrative centers (includes S4L drawing by Macalister)
Repertoire d'Epigraphie Semitique Tome III 1201-2000		Chabot, J.B.	1918	French book that provides an exhaustive LMLK bibliography from 1871-1910 with a corpus of 87 & general overview under listing #1242, brief mention of the first Gezer M2T--#1243, a Jericho S2DR--#1500, & an Ophel M2T--#1501 (7 pages)
Cite de David, Campagne de 1913-1914, La		Weill, Raymond	1920	French book that wonders if hundreds of human remains found at Jerusalem may represent Sennacherib's failure there (less than a page of text plus an H2D stamp drawing)
AASOR vol. 4 for 1922-1923	Excavations & Results at Tell El-Ful (Gibeah of Saul)	Bacon, Benjamin W. & Albright, W.F.	1924	About a paragraph of general comments & an M2T drawing
Century of Excavation in Palestine, A		Macalister, R.A.S.	1925	About 3 pages of text reiterating the theory that the 4 words are potters or potter families listed in 1Chronicles 4, & a drawing of an H4L handle
Journal of the Palestine Oriental Society vol. 5	Administrative Divisions of Israel & Judah, The	Albright, W.F.	1925	Discusses the identification of districts throughout the 12 tribes & uses the LMLK inscriptions to illustrate their evolution, but also summarizes all of the LMLK theories up to that time (37 pages total including 2 map drawings--10 have LMLK content)
Syria vol. 6	Samarie Au Temps d'Achab	Dussaud, Rene	1925	French article that mentions Judean seals relative to the Gezer tablet, Samarian ostraca, & Siloam inscription (2 pages plus paleography table; photos of 2 H4L, 1 M2U, 1 S4L, 2 S2U handles from the PEF)
Angelos-Lehrbucher vol. 1: Hebraishce Archaologie		Benzinger, I.	1927	German book with the same H4L drawing from PEQ vol. 31, April 1899 (only one paragraph of text)
Palastinensische Kleinkunst		Reifenberg, Adolf	1927	German book with a page that speculates one day complete jars may be found to prove/disprove the royal volume theory plus a photocopy of a page of drawings from PEQ vol. 31
Samaria in Ahab's Time: Harvard Excavations & Their Results		Jack, J.W.	1929	Brief overview in light of the Samaria Ostraca (3 pages)
RB vol. 39 #1	Melanges: L'Ancien Hebreu dans la Vie Courante	Dhorme, P.	January 1930	French single-page summary that mentions the first handles found at Nasbeh 6-12-1929
Digging Up Biblical History vol. 1		Duncan, J. Garrow	1931	Mentions Hxx handles excavated from Kirjath-Sepher with 1 H4L drawing borrowed from "Excavations in Palestine..." by Bliss--it doesn't necessarily represent the ones that Duncan excavated
Digging Up Biblical History vol. 2		Duncan, J. Garrow	1931	Discusses 8 handles excavated from debris on the eastern face of the city wall of Zion (2 pages of text & drawings of 2 M2U & 2 S2U impressions borrowed from PEQ v32 7-1900 by Bliss--they don't represent the 8 that Duncan excavated)
BASOR 43	First Campaign of Excavation at Beth-zur, The	Sellers, O.R. & Albright, W.F.	October 1931	Briefly mentions 11 handles with small photos of 5
AASOR vol. 12 for 1930-1931	Excavation of Tell Beit Mirsim in Palestine, The, vol. 1: The Pottery of the First Three Campaigns	Cadbury, Henry J. & Albright, William Foxwell	1932	Photos of 2 complete handles (H2U (#867) & H4C (#1068)); no significant text
Alte Orient, Der vol. 30	Palastina und Seine Kultur in Funf Jahrtausenden	Thomsen, Peter	1932	German revision of his 1909 book, "Palastina...", with a single-page overview listing Moreseth & Moza instead of MMST (photo of 1 H4L & 2 S2U handles)
Archaeology of Palestine & the Bible, The		Albright, William Foxwell	1932	Single page summary that suggests for the first time that Hezekiah established the LMLK jars & mentions 4 handles found at Tell Beit Mirsim
Citadel of Beth-Zur, The		Sellers, Ovid Rogers	1933	Briefly mentions 11 handles with small photos of 5
Denkmaler Palastinas		Watzinger, Carl	1933	German book with a page that identifies the 2-winged icon as an Assyrian coat-of-arms & states that the jars contained taxes of wine (includes drawings of an S4L & S2U)
Iscrizioni Antico-Ebraiche Palestinesi, Le		Diringer, David	Dec 1934	Italian book with a comprehensive chapter on LMLK seals & the Gezer weight with an extensive bibliography (16 pages; photo of 1 H4L & 2 S2U plus 21 crude drawings based on other drawings)
Biblisches Reallexikon		Galling, Kurt	1937	German dictionary with an entry for "Krugstempel" (jar-stamp) that suggests they indicate taxes for an Assyrian military establishment after making Judah part of Philistia (1 page with drawings of a Z4CI & S2U)
Ain Shems Excavations (Palestine) Part IV (Pottery)		Grant, Elihu & Wright, G. Ernest	1938	List of handles excavated from Beth Shemesh with 2 very small photos of M2U & Hxx handles
Ain Shems Excavations (Palestine) Part V (Text)		Grant, Elihu & Wright, G. Ernest	1939	Drawing & brief description of an M2U that appears to have "LNMLK" in the top register
PEQ vol. 73	On Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions Discovered at Tell Ed-Duweir (Lachish)--II	Diringer, David & Inge, Charles H.	July 1941	Provides a list/description of all seals found at Lachish up to that time; the P.S. by Inge argues for the "Bath LMLK" theory (20 pages, 2 plates of 31 LMLK impressions, 1 plate of personal seal impressions, & Bath LMLK photo)
Kedem: Studies in Jewish Archaeology	Meaning of the "Le-Melekh" Inscriptions, The	Sukenik, E.L.	1942	5-page Hebrew* chapter that argues for the royal standard measure theory with a good photo of Jar 5461 & BT LMLK fragment*
AASOR vol. 21-22 for 1941-1943	Excavation of Tell Beit Mirsim, The, vol. 3: The Iron Age	Albright, William Foxwell & Kelso, James Leon & Thorley, J. Palin	1943	2 pages of text (& drawings of 2 H2U impressions) in which Albright changes from the "district capitals" theory to "royal store-cities" interpretation of the inscriptions & equates MMST with Mampsis but locates it near Gezer/Zorah/Ajalon; 2 more pages (plus a photo) regarding an inscribed "BT" jar fragment that he compares to the Lachish BT LMLK; a 34-page chapter by Kelso & Thorley about pottery in general & specifics about large storage jars like Type 484
ZDPV vol. 66 #2	Palastinischen Krughenkel mit den Konigsstempeln, Die	Sellin, Ernst	1943	German article that interprets the inscriptions as "Property of the King", elaborates on the royal estates theory, & dates them from the end of Manasseh to the Babylonian conquest (17 pages)
Encyclopedia of Bible Life		Miller, Madeleine S. & Miller, J. Lane	1944	Briefly describes an H2U from Lachish at the Metropolitan Museum of Art & presents a very small photo of the handle
Bulletin of the Jewish Palestine Exploration Society vol. XII	Petrographical Examination of Pottery	Kallner [Amiran], Ruth B. & Vroman, J.	1945-1946	Hebrew report of the first LMLK chemical analysis (5 pages)
Tell en-Nasbeh vol. 1: Archaeological & Historical Results		McCown, Chester Charlton & Wampler, Joseph Carson	1947	Contains a 5-page section about LMLK handles excavated including a paleography chart, a locus map, a corpus (mainly quoting Diringer's work), & scattered references on at least 11 other pages describing specific locations where the handles were found along with plates of 14 impressions, 3 handles, & the complete Jar 396
Tell en-Nasbeh vol. 2: The Pottery		Wampler, Joseph Carson	1947	Contains brief references to LMLK handles & detailed descriptions of the complete Jar 396
BASOR 109	MMST & MSH	Ginsberg, H.L.	February 1948	A 2-page presentation/analysis of the MMST=MMSLT theory based on MSH=Mizpah
PEQ vol. 80	Reviews & Notices: Tell En-Nasbeh	Tufnell, Olga	July-October 1948	A laudatory review of the McCown/Wampler books with a comparison of seals found at Lachish (3 pages)
BA vol. 12 #4	Royal Jar-Handle Stamps of Ancient Judah, The	Diringer, David	December 1949	An exhaustive summary of LMLK discoveries, early theories, paleographic chart/analysis, & corpus of 550 (17 pages, 3 jar photos, 14 small impression photos)
BA vol. 12 #4	Archaeological News & Views	Wright, G. Ernest	December 1949	One page describing the results of the first chemical analysis of LMLK handle clay
Ancient Hebrew Arts		Reifenberg, A.	1950	Only 2 photos of handles (S2U & H4L) with a paragraph of description
Quarterly of the Department of Antiquities in Palestine vol. 14, The	Citadel, Jerusalem. A Summary of Work Since 1934, The	Johns, C.N.	1950	Photo of an M2D handle with a brief description of where it was excavated
JNES vol. 10 #4	Two Hebrew Ostraca from Tell Qasile	Maisler, B.	October 1951	Presents a LMLK ostracon (1 photo & 1 page of text--the other ostracon was written by a different person about Ophir gold for Beth Huron & does not include the word LMLK)
Epigrafia Ebraica Antica 1935-1950, L'		Moscati, Sabatino	1951	Italian book with a 15-page chapter emphasizing the Bath LMLK Jar & the handles from Lachish & Nasbeh (includes all 45 photos from their respective excavation reports, a line drawing of the controversial M2U from Beth Shemesh, & the LMLK Ostracon)
Lachish III (Tell ed-Duweir): The Iron Age (Plates)		Tufnell, Olga	1953	Contains three photos of two restored Type 484 jars (5400 & 5461), the Bath LMLK Jar, & a plate of 31 impressions (same ones published by Diringer in PEQ July 1941)
Lachish III (Tell ed-Duweir): The Iron Age (Text)		Tufnell, Olga & Diringer, David	1953	About 6 pages of text with descriptions of Type 484 jars & loci/context of excavated handles, arguments for class 1 = early 8th, class 2 = late 8th, class 3 =7th centuries, & comments regarding the Bath LMLK Jar plus paleography & corpus charts (310 for Lachish & 492 total up to that time)
IEJ vol. 3 #2	Another bat-le-melekh Inscription	Avigad, N.	1953	Proposes a new interpretation of a sherd from Nasbeh based on the BT LMLK found at Lachish (2 pages, 1 photo, 1 drawing)
Short Guide to the Excavations of Ramat Rahel		anonymous (probably Yohanan Aharoni)	1955	One paragraph describing the icon as a flying scroll, & 1 photo of a Z2D handle
Holy Land Philatelist: Israel's Stamp Monthly, The	About the Flying Scroll	Pollack, F.W.	September 1955	Report of a lecture given by Immanuel Ben-Dor of the Dept. of Antiquities of the Ministry of Education for Israel (accompanied by photo of all 5 postage stamps)
BASOR 142	Explorations in the Judaean Buqe'ah	Cross Jr., Frank M. & Milik, J.T.	April 1956	Photo of an x2x handle (described by the authors as an M2x) & a footnote description of where it was excavated
Everyday Life in Old Testament Times		Heaton, E. W.	1956	Includes a page discussing the LMLK jars relative to taxation in Israel (drawings of restored Lachish jars, Z4CI & S2U stamps, & the Lachish BT LMLK jar)
IEJ vol. 6 #3	Excavations at Ramath Rahel, 1954	Aharoni, Y.	1956	Briefly mentions the first 2 handles (x2xR & Z2D) found in the first season along with their photos
Hebrew Scripts, The: Part Two, The Plates, 1954-1957		Birnbaum, Solomon A.	1957	Photos of an H4L, the controversial M2U from Beth Shemesh, an S2U, & a Z2U
Mambre		Mader, Evaristus	1957	German book with a page that provides a general overview & mentions 2 H4x handles found at Keilah
Judah & Jerusalem	Negev (South) of Judah, The	Aharoni, Y. (no editor named)	1957	Hebrew chapter with photo of an x4L from Tell 'Ira (Khirbat al-Gharra); published in English in IEJ vol. 8 #1
IEJ vol. 8 #1	Negeb of Judah, The	Aharoni, Y.	1958	Photos of an x4L & handles with Plus Marks from Tell 'Ira (Khirbat al-Gharra); no significant text
IEJ vol. 8 #2	New Light on the MSH Seal Impressions	Avigad, N.	1958	Argues for the association of MSH with Mosah instead of Mizpah & includes a page of text drawing an analogy to the interpretation of MMST as an abbreviation for MMSLT
Ancient Near East, The		Pritchard, James B.	1958	Contains photos of an M4C & Z2D
Hebrew Inscriptions and Stamps from Gibeon		Pritchard, James B.	1959	Describes 80 LMLK handles found by the University of Pennsylvania's excavations at Tell el-Jib mostly in the pool; includes a corpus of legible types from other sites & a detailed analysis of circle incisions (8 pages of text, photos of 16 impressions, drawings of 10 types & 7 handle cross-sections)
AASOR vol. 34-35 for 1954-1956	Archaeological Study of Gibeah (Tell El-Ful), An	Albright, W.F. & Sinclair, Lawrence A.	1960	Briefly describes 5 excavated handles & includes small photos of 3 (all x2x)
Bulletin of the Israel Exploration Society vol. XXIV #2-3	Excavations at Ramat Rahel (Second Season, 1959)	Aharoni, Y.	1960	Hebrew report summarizing all finds (55 pages with 8 drawings of H4L, Z4CI, Z2D, H2D, M2U impressions; 6 H4L, Z4CI, Z2D, H2D, M2U photos)
Eretz-Israel: Archaeological, Historical and Geographical Studies vol. 6	Hebrew Jar-Stamps from Ramat Rahel	Aharoni, Y.	1960	Hebrew chapter from his summer '59 excavations (5 pages including a page of impression drawings & 1 photo of a handle with an H2D & #687-22a personal seal impressions)
Guide to Israel, The		Vilnay, Zev	1960	Drawings of the Gezer weight, an M2D handle found at Gath with unusual or misdrawn downward wings, the Lachish bath jar & an H4C, & a brief description of Mamshit (i.e., Mampsis)
BASOR 158	Late Royal Seals From Judah	Lapp, Paul W.	April 1960	An exhaustive analysis of all aspects of the seals/jars with an excellent emphasis on scripts including a table of inscription drawings & a critical paleographic study of Diringer's classes (11 pages)
Colle di Rachele (Ramat Rahel), Il		Garbini, Giovanni	December 1960	Italian introduction to the Ramat Rahel excavations with an intriguing overview of the theories (3 pages of text plus an M2D handle photo)
First Preliminary Report on the Excavations at Tel Gat (Tell Sheykh 'Ahmed el-Areyny) Seasons 1956-1958		Yeivin, Shemuel	1961 (written 12-30-1958)	Brief description of 8 handles that suggests an identification of this site with MMST, thereby interpreting the 4 words as regional centres (2 pages of text, S2U & M2D handle photos)
Amphoras & the Ancient Wine Trade		Grace, Virginia R.	1961	Photo of near perfect H4L (RAEL #415) with an overview of stamped jar handles found throughout the Levant
Ancient Israel: Its Life & Institutions		de Vaux, Roland	1961 (English edition translated by John McHugh)	Brief allusion to LMLK jars being produced by royal workshops & a page that uses LMLK jars to determine the volume of a bath
Scripta Hierosolymitana vol. 8	Ancient Judaean Weights & the Date of the Samaria Ostraca	Rabin, Chaim & Yadin, Yigael	1961	Article by Yadin that presents data to support the interpretation of a symbol on shekel weights to be a stylized version of the 4-winged icon on LMLK seals (6 pages & photo of famous Lachish M4L)
VT vol. 11 #3	Villes de Juda au Temps d'Ozias, Les	Feuillet, R.	July 1961	French article that sees paleographic evidence to date the x4C seals to Uzziah's reign & uses the Qumran "2 Seah 7 Log" jar to support the Royal Potteries theory (4 pages plus Diringer's 1949 paleography chart)
BASOR 163	Fourfold Division of Judah, The	Yadin, Yigael	October 1961	Argues for the theory that the 4 city names were key places within defensive zones & the LMLK jars stored state provisions collected within those zones (7 pages)
BA vol. 24 #4	Excavations at Ramat Rahel	Aharoni, Yohanan	December 1961	One page of text & 2 photos (M2D & H4L)
Gibeon, Where the Sun Stood Still		Pritchard, James B.	1962	About 2 pages of text mentioning theories for royal potteries or wine vintages with photos of Z2D & M4C impressions
Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, The	Seals & Scarabs	Tufnell, O. & Buttrick, George Arthur	1962	Brief summary of royal symbols & stamps used by wine exporters (H4C, H4L, & H2U stamp photos)
Writing (vol. 25 in the "Ancient Peoples & Places" series edited by Glyn Daniel)		Diringer, David	1962	No significant text; H4L drawing & Lachish H4C & H2U impression photos
Excavations at Ramat Rahel: Seasons 1959 & 1960		Aharoni, Yohanan	1962	Contains about 13 pages of text covering all aspects of LMLK research with statistical charts, 4 pages of line drawings, & 4 pages of plates showing 22 impressions
Excavations at Ramat Rahel: Seasons 1961 & 1962		Aharoni, Yohanan	1964	Contains about 2 pages of text with statistical charts & 2 pages of plates showing 23 impressions
Archaeometry vol. 7	Spectrographic Investigation of Jar Handles Bearing the "Royal" Stamp of Judah, A	Millett, A. & Pritchard, J.B. & Ralph, E.K.	1964	Compares chemicals in LMLK handles from Gibeon & Nasbeh with GBON fragments from Gibeon (2 pages of text plus 2 charts & 2 tables)
IEJ vol. 14 #3	Excavations at Tel Arad: Preliminary Report on the First Season, 1962	Aharoni, Y. & Amiran, Ruth	1964	Photo of an S4L handle & a paragraph of text mentioning 4 others
Winery, Defenses, & Soundings at Gibeon		Pritchard, James B.	1964	Contains photos of an H2D, G2T, & S4L with a brief description of where they were found
BASOR 179	Royal Weights & Measures	Rainey, A.F.	October 1965	Presents an Assyrian analogy for interpreting LMLK inscriptions as "for the king from (H, M, S, Z)" (2 pages)
'Atiqot (English Series) vol. 5	En-Gedi Excavations in 1961-1962	Mazar, B. & Dothan, Trude & Dunayevsky, I.	1966	A page of analysis & photo of the LMRA impression
Nimrud & Its Remains vol. 1		Mallowan, M.E.L.	1966	Presents a lion weight with a LMLK inscription possibly from Jerusalem (1 page of text & 3 photos)
Land of the Bible: A Historical Geography, The		Aharoni, Yohanan	1967 (English edition translated by A.F. Rainey)	Provides many maps (such as fortresses & districts) covering the history of Palestine plus 6 pages about the LMLK mystery with an emphasis on their geographical-administrative significance while arguing for their usage being restricted to Hezekiah/Manasseh
Archaeological Discoveries in the Holy Land	Citadel of Ramat Rahel, The	Aharoni, Yohanan	1967	This chapter includes 2 photos of handles (a Z4CI & an H2D with #687-22a personal seal) & a page of text
Archaeology & Old Testament Study	Mizpah	Diringer, D. & Thomas, D. Winton	1967	Two pages about the importance of handles excavated from Nasbeh
Jerusalem: Excavating 3000 Years of History		Kenyon, Kathleen M.	1967	Only 2 photos of handles (S2U & H4L) from Lachish with a paragraph of description
BA vol. 30 #2	Gezer in the Land & in History	Lance, H. Darrell	May 1967	A page of text that briefly considers why any LMLK handles were found at Gezer, & suggests that both icons date to Josiah's reign (includes the famous photo of 1 H4L & 2 S2U handles & mistakenly alludes to it representing Gezer artifacts, which is not a serious error since both icons were found at Gezer)
Alphabet: A Key to the History of Mankind, The (2-volume set)		Diringer, David	1968 (revised 3rd edition)	Volume 1 has no significant info; Volume 2 contains photos of 4 H4L, 1 S4L, & 1 Z4CI handles (not published elsewhere) plus the Lachish BT LMLK jar & 4 H4C, 1 H4L, 1 Z4L, 1 S4L, 1 H2U, 1 S2U, 1 M2U impression photos (published earlier in PEQ vol. 73)
IEJ vol. 18 #4	Jar Inscriptions from Shiqmona	Cross Jr., F.M.	1968	Presents drawings of 2 Persian-era, Phoenician-cursive, ink-written ostraca ("Ben Matton, 25 LMLK wine of Gat Karmel") with a brief comparison to the LMLK seals (8 pages including a paleography chart)
Ancient Near East in Pictures Relating to the Old Testament, The		Pritchard, James B.	1969 (2nd edition with supplement)	Contains photos of an M2D, S2DW, & Z2D
Eretz-Israel: Archaeological, Historical and Geographical Studies vol. 9	Excavations in the Old City of Jerusalem, The	Mazar, Benjamin	1969	Hebrew chapter with a Z2D handle photo
Eretz-Israel: Archaeological, Historical and Geographical Studies vol. 9	Judean Stamps	Cross Jr., Frank Moore	1969	Argues for the theories that LMLKs belong to King Josiah, they signified a standardized, royal measure of wine indicated by vintage names, & the personal seal belonged to potters (7 pages including a detailed discussion of seals that mention potters such as the YHD types)
Konigs-Stempel, Die		Welten, Peter	1969	German book ("The King's Stamp") with more content about LMLK impressions than any other published work (including paleography charts, a detailed corpus, & sketched maps showing site locations for each city name; 204 pages but no photos)

Ancient Pottery of the Holy Land		Amiran, Ruth	1970 (English edition)	Contains photos of restored Type 484 jar (5461) & H2U handle
IEJ vol. 20 #3-4	Excavations in the Jewish Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem, 1970 (2nd Preliminary Report)	Avigad, N.	1970	Includes a photo of an H2D handle; no significant text
IEJ vol. 20 #3-4	Review of P. Welten's "Die Konigs-Stempel"	Aharoni, Y.	1970	While complimenting the exhaustive content, Aharoni criticizes Welten's division of 2-winged icons & contradictory interpretation of archaeological reports--especially relating to Josiah's reign (2 pages)
Sefer Hebron ("CFR HBRUN" in Hebrew)		Avissar, Oded	1970	Hebrew book with H4L drawing on cover & H4L handle photo with brief text.
BASOR 201	Royal Israelite Seal (?) & the Royal Jar Handle Stamps (part 2), A	Tushingham, A.D.	February 1971	Argues for the theories that the 4-winged icon was a northern kingdom symbol, the 2-winged icon was a southern kingdom symbol, both evolved from Egyptian & Assyrian designs, & all LMLK stamps are from Josiah's reign (13 pages)
HTR vol. 64 #2-3	Kleine Beitrage zur Siedlungsgeschichte der Stamme Asser und Juda	Kuschke, Arnulf	April-July 1971	German article that mentions an x2x handle excavated from "Eswa'" (Estaol; includes handle drawing)
HTR vol. 64 #2-3	Royal Stamps & the Kingdom of Josiah, The	Lance, H. Darrell	April-July 1971	An excellent analysis of the LMLK handles excavated from Gibeon, Ramat Rahel, Lachish (the bulk of the discussion), Gezer, & Jerusalem concluding in support of King Josiah's usage over King Hezekiah's by believing Lachish 3 was not destroyed by Sennacherib (18 pages)
'Atiqot vol. 9-10	Ashdod II-III: The Second & Third Seasons of Excavations 1963, 1965 (Text)	Dothan, M.	1971	A page describing a multi-stamped G2T along with a photo
Excavations in the Old City of Jerusalem Near the Temple Mount, The		Mazar, B.	1971	Includes a photo of an excellent Z2U impression; no significant text
Hebrew Scripts, The: Part One, The Text		Birnbaum, Solomon A.	1971	Provides a detailed, verbal description of the letter formations of Diringer's 3 types (2 pages including sample paleography drawings)
Solomonic State Officials		Mettinger, Tryggve N.D.	1971	Makes much use of Welten's "Die Konigs-Stempel" to argue against the royal capacity theory, & argue for the royal estates to military garrison delivery theory (4 pages)
Textbook of Syrian Semitic Inscriptions vol. 1: Hebrew & Moabite Inscriptions		Gibson, John C.L.	1971	A 3-page general discussion with a vague typology listing
RB vol. 79 #3	Recension: "Die Konigs-Stempel" par P. Welten	Lang, Bernhard	July 1972	French review of Welten's book that compliments him for his typology (& demonstrates its usefulness for future publications) & presents his main subjects in a mostly objective manner but points out the difficulty of dating based on paleography (4 pages)
BA vol. 35 #4	Practice of Writing in Ancient Israel, The	Millard, A.R.	December 1972	Only 1 paragraph that alludes to the "fixed capacity" theory (photo of 1 H4L & 2 S2U handles--even though he describes one as "Ziph")
B&S vol. 2 #3	Practice of Writing in Ancient Israel, The	Millard, A.R.	Summer 1973	Contains the same content & photo as BA vol. 35 #5
Inscriptions Reveal		Carmon, Efrat & Hestrin, Ruth	1973 (2nd ed.; English translation by R. Grafman)	Includes a page of discussion written in Hebrew & English with plus photos of Jar 60-501 & handles with H2D (with #687-22a personal seal), H2U, H4L, M2D, S4L, & Z2D impressions along with many other artifacts & an excellent paleography chart
Beer-Sheba I: Excavations at Tel Beer-Sheba 1969-1971 Seasons		Aharoni, Yohanan	1973	Presents the first pithos jar with LMLK stamps proving they were not exclusive to Type 484 jars, argues for dating the LMLK seals to Hezekiah's reign, & refutes Tushingham's proposal regarding the 4-winged icon as the Israelite emblem (2 pages of text, photo of the pithos handle, & line drawings of unstamped pithoi)
Biblical Archaeology		Paul, Shalom M. & Dever, William G.	1973	Discusses measures of volume & tax collection (1 page plus photos of LMLK ostracon & S4L handle)
Religion in Judah Under the Assyrians, 732-609 BC		McKay, John	1973	Identifies the x2x seals with sun worship during Josiah's reign (1 page plus S4L & x2x drawings)
Israel Pocket Library: Archaeology		Avi-Yonah, Michael	1974	Compiled from material originally published in the Encyclopaedia Judaica; no editor/author, but Avi-Yonah wrote the book's intro. & co-authored the Hebron section, which includes an H4L photo
Gezer II: Report of the 1967-70 Seasons in Fields I & II vol. 2		Dever, William G. & Cole, Dan P.	1974	Includes a photo of an unclear H4L handle; no significant text
TA vol. 1 #1	Khirbet Rabud = Debir	Kochavi, Moshe	1974	Only one sentence with a photo of an M4L
Ancient Agriculture in the Judaean Desert		Stager, Lawrence E.	January 1975	Photo of H2D with Circles & description of its context; a few pages of commentary on other sites arguing for dating LMLK handles to Josiah's reign
RB vol. 82 #1	MMST=Amwas, Vers la Solution d'Une Enigme de l'Epigraphie Hebraique	Lemaire, Andre	January 1975	French article presenting evidence to identify MMST with a geographical place midway between Tel Aviv & Jerusalem based on impressions found at northern sites (as opposed to southern sites such as Kurnub) & an analysis of the root-meaning ("overnight lodging place") of the Hebrew consonants (9 pages including a hand-drawn map of the area)
BA vol. 38 #2	Israel at the Close of the Period of the Monarchy: An Archaeological Survey	Stern, Ephraim	May 1975	Includes about 6 pages that analyze the LMLK seals & weights with analogous usage of contemporaries; attempts to reclassify x4x LMLK--1, x2x LMLK--2, rosettes--3, & circles--4 (photo of 1 H4L & 2 S2U handles)
VT vol. 25 #3	Remarques sur la Datation des Estampilles "LMLK"	Lemaire, Andre	July 1975	French article that points out the paleographic significance of the last letter of SUKE in the S4L seals, which allows Diringer's Class II to co-exist (if not predate) Class I to as early as Uzziah's reign in the middle of the 8th century BC
Ancient Near East vol. 2, The		Pritchard, James B.	1975	Contains photos of an M2D & S2DW
Textbook of Syrian Semitic Inscriptions vol. 2: Aramaic Inscriptions		Gibson, John C.L.	1975	No text; only line drawings of an H4C, H4L, & H2U to illustrate Diringer's 3 classes
Investigations at Lachish: The Sanctuary & the Residency (Lachish V)		Aharoni, Yohanan	1975	One page of text describing 15 impressions (1 plate of 15 photos)
TA vol. 2 #4	Excavations at Tel Beer-Sheba: Preliminary Report of the 5th & 6th Seasons, 1973-1974	Aharoni, Yohanan	1975	Photo, line drawing, & 1-page discussion of the Half LMLK Jar
ZDPV vol. 91 #1	Hirbet Kefire - eine Oberflachenuntersuchung	Vriezen, Karel J. H.	1975	German article presenting the excavation of Biblical Chephirah (1 page of text plus an x2x photo)
Archaeology in the Land of the Bible		Negev, Avraham	1976	One paragraph that suggests "of the government" for the meaning of "LMLK MMST" (color photo of H4L handle [IDAM P-1497])
Qadmoniot vol. 9 #2-3 (34-35)	"Lamelekh" Store-Jars & the Excavation at Lachish	Ussishkin, D.	1976	Hebrew article (5 pages) with photos of excavated jars in situ, 4 restored jars, & 3 impressions
BASOR 223	Royal Judean Storage Jars & Private Seal Impressions	Ussishkin, David	October 1976	An excellent presentation of the first 2 reconstructed Lachish jars (10457 & 10074) with LMLK & personal seals on handles of the same jar, plus an investigation of similar handle groups found in the original Lachish excavations & at Tell Beit Mirsim (13 pages, 21 photos, 7 drawings)
TA vol. 4 #1-2	Destruction of Lachish by Sennacherib & the Dating of the Royal Judean Storage Jars, The	Ussishkin, David	1977	Contains about 22 well-written pages clarifying the history of excavation at Lachish (plus 6 layout drawings) & 4 more pages of text outlining LMLK chronology theories
Biblisches Reallexikon (BRL2)		Welten, P. & Galling, Kurt	1977	German dictionary with a general overview paragraph under "Siegel und Stempel" (seal & stamp) & line drawings of an H4C, H4L, S2U, M2D, & Z2D
Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land vol. 3 (Ji-N)	Judeideh, Tell	Avi-Yonah, Michael & Stern, Ephraim & Broshi, M.	1977	Briefly mentions LMLK handles excavated at Moresheth-Gath & provides excellent photos of H4L & S2U impressions
Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land vol. 3 (Ji-N)	Lachish	Avi-Yonah, Michael & Stern, Ephraim & Ussishkin, D.	1977	Briefly mentions LMLK handles & jars excavated at Lachish with a photo of 3 jars
Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land vol. 4 (O-Z)	Qasile, Tell	Avi-Yonah, Michael & Stern, Ephraim & Dothan, Trude & Dunayevsky, I.	1978	Describes the incised LMLK ostracon & includes a photo
Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land vol. 4 (O-Z)	Ramat Rahel	Avi-Yonah, Michael & Stern, Ephraim & Aharoni, Y.	1978	Briefly mentions LMLK handles excavated at Ramat Rahel & provides a photo of an H2D & #687-22a personal seal on the same handle
Inscribed Seals from First Temple		Hestrin, Ruth & Dayagi-Mendels, Michal	1978	Hebrew book with photo of H2D handle with #687-22a personal seal
Lion Encyclopedia of the Bible, The		Alexander, Pat & Millard, Alan & Parish, Stephen	1978	Includes one paragraph about the stamps & a page describing ancient pottery manufacture (color M2D photo)
TA vol. 5 #1-2	Excavations at Tel Lachish 1973-1977: Preliminary Report	Ussishkin, David	1978	Contains about 3 pages of text, 2 pages of drawings & matching plates showing 4 complete jars & a sample of each of their LMLK impressions, & a photo of excavated jars in situ
VT vol. 29 #1	Sennacherib's Campaign to Judah & the Date of the LMLK Stamps	Na'aman, N.	January 1979	Presents solid, logical evidence for positively dating all LMLK impressions to King Hezekiah's reign instead of King Josiah's (26 pages)
HTR vol. 72 #1-2	Hezekiah's Reform & the Deuteronomistic Tradition	Rosenbaum, Jonathan	January-April 1979	Article that includes a page about LMLK theories explaining that Hezekiah's dominion was superior to Josiah's irrespective of any theory
Age of the Monarchies vol. 4-1: Political History, The	Hebrew Epigraphic Sources	Avigad, N. & Malamat, Abraham	1979	Chapter with a brief listing of major theories noting which scholars subscribe to each (2 pages)
Land of the Bible: A Historical Geography, The (Revised & Enlarged Edition)		Aharoni, Yohanan	1979 (English edition translated by A.F. Rainey)	Minor modifications to the original edition (1962 Hebrew, 1967 English), especially to the "Districts of Judah" map, the paragraph about Lachish handles, & to the last page of LMLK text summarizing the purpose (still 6 relevant pages)
BAR vol. 5 #6	Answers at Lachish	Ussishkin, David	Nov/Dec 1979	About 4 pages of text presenting internal evidence based on LMLK jars vs. external evidence based on Samarian pottery regarding the dating of Lachish strata (photo/drawing of an S2U, color photo/drawing of H4L, & Jar 10091)
Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land		Negev, Avraham	1980	Terse descriptions under listings for Lachish, Nasbeh, Ramat Rahel, Safi, Seals, Socoh, & Ziph (Z2U photo)
AASOR vol. 45	Third Campaign at Tell el-Ful: The Excavations of 1964, The	Freedman, David Noel & Lapp, Nancy L.	1981	Discusses all Gibeah handles (1 page) & includes photos/drawings of 4 (H2D, M2D, M2T, & x2x)
Arad Inscriptions		Aharoni, Yohanan & Aharoni, Miriam & Rainey, Anson F.	1981	Corpus of 9 handles excavated from Arad with a page of commentary about the lack of handles found in the southern region of Judah
Eretz-Israel: Archaeological, Historical and Geographical Studies vol. 15	Aroer in the Negev	Biran, A. & Cohen, R.	1981	Hebrew chapter with a Z2U handle photo
Eretz-Israel: Archaeological, Historical and Geographical Studies vol. 15	Classification des Estampilles Royales Judeennes	Lemaire, Andre	1981	French chapter that analyzes the Diringer/Lapp/Aharoni & Welten typologies, systematically points out the faults of Welten's system, then establishes a new classification & cross-references it to Welten's; also questions whether there is any correspondence between personal seal names & LMLK seal types (6 pages plus 1 plate of 19 small impression photos)
BASOR 245	Wine from the Royal Vineyards	Rainey, A.F.	Winter 1982	Argues for LMLK jars being from King Hezekiah's 4 royal wineries in the Judean hill country (5 pages)
Archaeology of the Land of Israel, The		Aharoni, Yohanan & Aharoni, Miriam	1982 (English edition translated by Anson F. Rainey)	Argues for a chronological division between the 2 icons, MMST=MMSlT, & 4 districts based on an Arad ostracon (5 pages, 1 photo of handle with H2D & #687-22a personal seal)
Early History of the Alphabet: An Introduction to West Semitic Epigraphy & Paleography		Naveh, Joseph	1982	Drawings of an H4L & M2U (same as McCarter, 1996); no significant text
Excavations at Jericho vol. 4: The Pottery Type Series & Other Finds	Iron Age & Hellenistic Stamped Jar Handles from Tell Es-Sultan	Kenyon, K.M. & Holland, T.A. & Bartlett, J.R.	1982	The first page of the appendix describes the 2 handles found at Jericho (x2x photo & drawing)
Israel in Antiquity		Jewish Museum (New York), The	1982	A page of general overview along with photos of an H4L & H2U from Lachish
Orte und Landschaften der Bibel: ein Handbuch und Studien-Reisefuhrer zum Heiligen Land, Band 2: Der Suden		Keel, Othmar & Kuchler, Max	1982	German handbook that includes a discussion on Tell Goded (H4L drawing)
Qadmoniot vol. 15 #2-3 (58-59)	Lachish in the Days of the Kingdom of Judah--The Recent Archaeological Excavations	Ussishkin, D.	1982	Hebrew article (15 pages) with photos of complete Jar 10091 & its H4L impression
Conquest of Lachish by Sennacherib, The		Ussishkin, David	1982	About 2 pages explaining how the excavations of Lachish helped resolve the dating of LMLK handles, but it also contains several large fold-out pages of photos & drawings that show the graphic details on Sennacherib's Lachish reliefs (photos of 4 restored jars, 2 H4Ls, 1 H2U, 1 S2U)
BASOR 248	Three Seasons of Excavations at Tel Batash--Biblical Timnah	Kelm, George L. & Mazar, Amihai	Fall 1982	About a page of text describing 8 LMLK handles & 1 personal seal (photos of an x4L & M2U)
Discovering Jerusalem		Avigad, Nahman	1983 (first American edition)	Contains about a page of text discussing handles found in Jerusalem with photos of an H2D, M2D, x4C (pithos), Z4CI, & a handle with both a personal seal & circles
Prophets & Markets: The Political Economy of Ancient Israel		Silver, Morris	1983	Includes the LMLK seals as an example of common practice throughout the ancient world to apply brands or descriptions to stored products (about 7 pages)
Israel Philatelist vol. 34 #1/2, The	Nature & Origin of the Flying Scroll Design	Farber, William D.	February 1983	Provides background details on how the 2-winged LMLK seal design was chosen for Israel's first postage stamps in 1948 (7 pages; photos of Jar 5461 & H2U handle; drawings of Z4CI, S4L, & S2U stamps; Aharoni's 12 Judean Districts map)
TA vol. 10 #2	Excavations at Tel Lachish 1978-1983: Second Preliminary Report	Ussishkin, David	1983	A comprehensive article covering all areas of excavation (including radiocarbon dating of wood samples from each stratum) with 2 pages of text discussing restored LMLK jars, a plus mark handle, & a multi-stamp handle (drawings/photos of jars & photos of 4 handles)
Eretz-Israel: Archaeological, Historical and Geographical Studies vol. 17	"Border Road" Between Michmash & Jericho & the Excavations at Horvat Shilhah, The	Mazar, A. & Amit, D. & Ilan, Z.	1984	Hebrew chapter with a Z2D handle photo & drawings
IEJ vol. 34 #2-3	Provenience of the LMLK Jars, The	Mommsen, H. & Perlman, I. & Yellin, J.	1984	Provides an excellent, comprehensive LMLK summary along with detailed chemical analysis of LMLK-related pottery from over 100 handles (including Type 484 jars with all seal types, pithoi, & several complete jars) drawing the conclusion that all Type 484 jars were made from clays which are indistinguishable (25 pages including 8 tables)
BASOR Supplement No. 23: Preliminary Reports of ASOR-Sponsored Excavations 1981-83	Tel Batash (Timnah) Excavations, Second Preliminary Report (1981-1983)	Kelm, George L. & Mazar, Amihai & Rast, Walter E.	1985	Brief overview of LMLK jars & handles found in Building 737 & a proposal to explain jars & handles found in the 7th-century stratum with Rosette jars (2 pages)
Eretz-Israel: Archaeological, Historical and Geographical Studies vol. 18	Between Judah & Philistia: Timnah (Tel Batash) in the Iron Age II	Mazar, A.	1985	Hebrew chapter about the Timnah excavation that includes photos of an M2U, Z2U, & the inverted S4L handles
Eretz-Israel: Archaeological, Historical and Geographical Studies vol. 18	Hierarchic Pattern in the Private Seal-Impressions on the LMLK Jar-Handles, A	Garfinkel, Y.	1985	Hebrew chapter that proposes 3 classes of personal seal owners: inter-regional, regional, & local (8 pages including charts)
Excavations in Jerusalem 1961-1967 Volume I		Tushingham, A.D.	1985	Discusses excavations in the Armenian Garden on the Western Hill; although he says that all the LMLK handles were Class III, one of his drawings (Fig. 9.27) shows an x4x (1 page of text, 14 stamp drawings)
Restoration Quarterly vol. 28 #1	Judean LMLK Stamps: Some Unresolved Issues, The	Moore, Michael S.	1985/6	Summarizes the early theories surrounding LMLK paleography, correctly predicting that Ussishkin's Lachish excavations would resolve many of them; also correctly (& humorously) labels the geographical name theories as "weak", "weaker", & "weakest" (about 9 pages)
BA vol. 48 #3	Israel, Judah, and Ammon and the Motifs on the Baalis Seal from Tell el-'Umeiri	Younker, Randall W.	September 1985	Discusses winged scarabs with solar dung balls (1 page with a drawing of Gibeon M4C #523)
BASOR 261	Hezekiah's Fortified Cities & the LMLK Stamps	Na'aman, Nadav	February 1986	Argues for the theories that the city list in 2Chronicles 11 was attributed to Rehoboam in error, SUKE is north of Hebron, MMST is north of Jerusalem, & the purpose was an emergency military-supplies build-up; also provides an excellent comprehensive summary (17 pages, 1 map drawing of cities)
History of Ancient Israel & Judah, A		Miller, J. Maxwell & Hayes, John H.	1986	Single-page overview that argues against the reliability of Chronicles pertaining to Hezekiah (S2U photo)
Congress Volume: Jerusalem 1986	Hebrew Seals & Sealings & Their Significance for Biblical Research	Avigad, N. & Emerton, J.A.	1988	Includes a 1-page overview with an emphasis on theories surrounding Rehoboam's fortified city-list
Biblical Archaeology: Documents from the British Museum		Mitchell, T.C.	July 1988	One page overview with inscription drawings, Bible references, & modern town names; prefers MMST=Emmaus for Districts theory (H2U, M2U, S2U, & Z4L photos)
BASOR 271	2 Chr 11:5-10 Fortified Cities List & the LMLK Stamps--Reply to Nadav Na'aman	Garfinkel, Yosef	August 1988	Debates the relationship between LMLK sites & Rehoboam's city-list with a corpus showing LMLK quantities per excavated site (4 pages, 1 table)
BASOR 271	Date of 2 Chronicles 11:5-10--A Reply to Y. Garfinkel, The	Na'aman, Nadav	August 1988	Debates the relationship between LMLK sites & Rehoboam's city-list by reaffirming data presented in BASOR 261 (3 pages)
BAR vol. 15 #1	Excavating in Samson Country	Kelm, George L. & Mazar, Amihai	Jan/Feb 1989	Briefly mentions the handles found at Timnah but includes color photos of handle 7280 & some crushed jars in situ
IEJ vol. 39 #1-2	LMLK Stamp from Beth-El, A	Eshel, Hanan	1989	Presents alternative interpretations of sparse LMLK handles found beyond Judah's borders (3 pages plus photo & drawing of an x4L)
Qedem: Monographs of the Institute of Archaeology 29	Excavations in the South of the Temple Mount: the Ophel of Biblical Jerusalem	Mazar, Eilat & Mazar, Benjamin & Nadelman, Yonatan	1989	Less than a page of LMLK text with a corpus table, but 1 plate of 19 photos of impressions (& 1 drawing of a handle) & about a page of discussion related to plus marks on small, non-LMLK pot handles (also photos of 12 plus marks & 8 circles-only handles)
Excavations & Surveys in Israel 1988/89 vol. 7-8	Tel Yizre'el 1987/1988	Yogev, O.	1990	Photo & drawing of M2D found at Jezreel
TA vol. 17 #1	Two Ceramic Assemblages from Lachish Levels III & II	Zimhoni, Orna	1990	A comprehensive, 50-page study of pottery--mostly storage jars--that can be associated with the most significant Assyrian & Babylonian attacks; only about 2 pages of specific LMLK content (drawings of 3 jars & a photo of Jar 10616) but also an interesting page about lids/stoppers
Archaeology of the Land of the Bible 10,000-586 B.C.E.		Mazar, Amihai	April 1990	A terse, excellent overview of the major theories (3 pages plus photos of an S4L, Z2U, & Timnah Jar 7202-2)
Gezer III: Text		Gitin, Seymour	1990	Explains the differences between LMLK 2- & 4-handled jars (his Types 4A & 4B; Tufnell's Types 484 & 467)
IEJ vol. 40 #4	Two Hebrew 'Fiscal' Bullae	Avigad, N.	1990	Detailed presentation/analysis of the Eltolad LMLK bulla (4 pages, front & profile photos)
Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions: Corpus & Concordance		Davies, G. I.	1991	Assigns numbers 105.001-020 to seals based on Lemaire's classification although he uses the hypothetical S Ia & S IIc while ignoring the O II & X II (4 pages)
TA vol. 18 #1	Kingdom of Judah Under Josiah, The	Na'aman, Nadav	1991	Compares the distribution of the LMLK & rosette jars with Biblical place-name lists (about 4 pages with an excellent map of excavation sites)
Law & Ideology in Monarchic Israel	Jerusalem & the Lineages in the Seventh Century BCE: Kinship & the Rise of Individual Moral Liability	Halpern, Baruch	1991	A 2-page discussion of the military build-up theory
Ministry vol. 64 #7	Jar Handles Reveal Hezekiah's Hopes	Younker, Randall W.	July 1991	Concentrates on the expansion of Jerusalem during Hezekiah's reign due to immigration following the fall of Samaria & tends to agree with Tushingham's proposal that the 2 icons represent Judah & Israel; prefers the military supplies theory but doesn't attempt to explain the 4 words (4 pages, photos of M2D #3464 & M4C #5943-1 from "Discovering Jerusalem")
Anchor Bible Dictionary vol. 4 (K-N)	Lachish	Freedman, David Noel & Ussishkin, David	1992	A few succinct summary paragraphs about important conclusions drawn from the major excavations there along with a photo of 3 jars
Anchor Bible Dictionary vol. 4 (K-N)	MMST	Freedman, David Noel & Lance, H. Darrell	1992	A few paragraphs of the major geographical name theories
Anchor Bible Dictionary vol. 6 (Si-Z)	Stamps, Royal Jar Handle	Freedman, David Noel & Lance, H. Darrell	1992	An excellent 1-page overview of the mystery with drawings of an H4L & M2D
Archaeology of Ancient Israel, The	Iron Age II-III, The	Ben-Tor, Amnon & Barkay, Gabriel	1992 (English edition translated by R. Greenberg)	Brief but comprehensive overview that emphasizes the importance of Lachish & Timnah data (2 pages of text, photos of H4L & H2U impressions & Jar 10091
Eretz-Israel: Archaeological, Historical and Geographical Studies vol. 23	Group of Stamped Handles from Judah, A	Barkay, Gabriel	1992	Hebrew chapter discussing 36 handles (17 LMLKs; 14 personals (7 different names); 5 miscellaneous) from an illicit excavation possibly at Tell Beit Mirsim (16 pages including many small photos of the handles (15 LMLKs))
Handbook of Ancient Hebrew Inscriptions		Ahituv, Shmuel	1992	Hebrew book with a LMLK overview paragraph & another paragraph about the Eltolad LMLK bulla (photos of H4L & S4L stamps, H2U, M2D, S2U, Z2D, & Z2U handles, & the Eltolad bulla)
BASOR 287	New Evidence Bearing on the Two-Winged LMLK Stamp	Tushingham, A.D.	August 1992	Presents evidence from Jerusalem excavations for associating the 4-winged icon with the northern kingdom of Israel & the 2-winged icon with the southern kingdom of Judah with the implication of continued 2-winged use from Hezekiah to Josiah; also suggests that the LMRA seal belongs to Gedaliah (5 pages)
Kingdom of Hezekiah: Judah in the Geo-Political Context of the Late Eighth Century BCE, The		Hooker, Paul Kenneth	1993	Uses LMLK evidence beginning with "Die Konigs-Stempel" to support an analysis of Hezekiah's reign (about 20 pages)
New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land vol. 1 (A-El), The	Beth-Shemesh	Stern, Ephraim & Bunimovitz, Shlomo & Lederman, Zvi	1993	Briefly discusses the stratum LMLK handles were excavated from & provides an H4L photo
New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land vol. 2 (Em-Je), The	Hebron	Stern, Ephraim & Ofer, Avi	1993	Briefly mentions LMLK handles excavated at Tel Hebron & provides an H2D photo
New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land vol. 3 (Jo-Pel), The	Judeideh, Tell	Stern, Ephraim & Broshi, Magen	1993	Briefly mentions LMLK handles excavated at Moresheth-Gath & provides an H4L photo
New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land vol. 3 (Jo-Pel), The	Lachish	Stern, Ephraim & Ussishkin, David	1993	A few succinct summary paragraphs about important conclusions drawn from the major excavations there along with a photo of 3 jars
New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land vol. 4 (Pet-Z), The	Qasile, Tell	Stern, Ephraim & Dothan, Trude & Dunayevsky, Imanuel	1993	Describes the incised LMLK ostracon & includes a photo
New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land vol. 4 (Pet-Z), The	Ramat Rahel	Stern, Ephraim & Aharoni, Yohanan	1993	Briefly mentions LMLK handles excavated at Ramat Rahel & provides a good photo of an H2D & #687-22a personal seal on the same handle
Studies in the Iconography of Northwest Semitic Inscribed Seals	Pre-Exilic Hebrew Seals: Iconism vs. Aniconism	Sass, Benjamin & Uehlinger, Christoph	1993	About a page of text discussing the LMLK icons with drawings of an H4L & M2U (same as Naveh, 1982)
Studies in the Iconography of Northwest Semitic Inscribed Seals	Propos des Sceaux Ouest-Semitiques: Le Role de l'Iconographie dans l'Attribution d'un Sceau a Une Aire Culturelle ou a un Atelier, A	Sass, Benjamin & Uehlinger, Christoph & Parayre, Dominique	1993	French article with one generic drawing of an x2U from Lachish but 64 other drawings of similar 2-winged disc icons
Ausgrabungen Unter der Erloserkirche im Muristan, Jerusalem (1970-1974), Die		Vriezen, Karel J. H.	1994	German book that describes excavations by Lux (1 page with 4 drawings of S2DW, G2T, M2x, & x2x handles)
Forty New Ancient West Semitic Inscriptions		Deutsch, R. & Heltzer, M.	1994	Brief descriptions of a LMLK weight & an unprovenanced H2U handle with a #687-22a personal seal (includes photos & line drawings)
Scripture & Other Artifacts	Hezekiah's Reform & the Altars at Beer-sheba & Arad	Rainey, Anson F. & Greene, Joseph A.	1994	A chapter that includes a brief discussion of the Beersheba LMLK pithos jar
Scripture & Other Artifacts	Northern Shephelah in the Iron Age: Some Issues in Biblical History & Archaeology, The	Mazar, Amihai & Greene, Joseph A.	1994	A chapter that includes a 2-page discussion of LMLK jars found at Timnah & Gezer
IEJ vol. 45 #1	King of Babylonia or a Judaean Official?, The	Barkay, Gabriel	1995	Presents 5 major reasons for interpreting the LMRA seal as a LMLK personal seal instead of a later period seal representing a king or governor (6 pages, 2 photos, 1 drawing)
Timnah: A Biblical City in the Sorek Valley		Kelm, George L. & Mazar, Amihai	1995	Describes the handles & jars found at Tel Batash & argues for the military build-up theory (3 pages plus color photos of Jar 7202-2 & M2U & x4L handles)
BA vol. 58 #3	Hezekiah's Reforms & the Revolt Against Assyria	Borowski, Oded	September 1995	Detailed archaeological evidence for King Hezekiah's reformation with an emphasis on altars at Arad, Beersheba, Rimmon, & Lachish (7 pages plus a photo of Jar 10074)
IEJ vol. 45 #4	Rosette Stamp Seal Impressions from Ancient Judah	Cahill, Jane M.	1995	The landmark study of jars resembling Type 484 including a comprehensive classification system & frequent comparisons to LMLK jars (23 pages including 15 photos showing 12 rosette handles & 2 rosette jars, drawings of handle cross-sections, corpus chart, distribution map, & stratification table)
TA vol. 23 #1	LMLK & Official Seal Impressions from Tel Lachish	Barkay, Gabriel & Vaughn, Andrew G.	1996	A definitive census of Lachish jar handles (13 pages)
Ancient Inscriptions: Voices from the Biblical World		McCarter Jr., P. Kyle	1996	A 1-page overview/summary with drawings of an H4L & M2U (same as Naveh, 1982)
Retrieving the Past	Hurvat Shilhah: An Iron Age Site in the Judean Desert	Seger, Joe D. & Mazar, Amihai	1996	Article summarizing evidence for 7th-century use of 8th-century jars (photo of Z2D handle)
BASOR 304	New Readings of Hezekian Official Seal Impressions	Barkay, Gabriel & Vaughn, Andrew G.	November 1996	Revisions for 23 personal seals with excellent photos & line drawings (26 pages, 28 photos, 28 drawings)
Corpus Of West Semitic Stamp Seals		Avigad, Nahman & Sass, Benjamin	1997	Contains a chapter listing most of the known personal seals with descriptions & photos
Qedem: Monographs of the Institute of Archaeology 37	Timnah (Tel Batash) Final Reports I: Stratigraphy & Architecture	Mazar, Amihai	1997	A chapter of archaeological text about "The LMLK Jars Building" with several photos showing various rooms as they were being excavated (about 6 pages & 12 photos)
Royal Functionaries & State-Administration in Israel & Judah During the First Temple Period		Fox, Nili S.	1997	A dissertation with a well-written, comprehensive chapter fairly summarizing all LMLK research that presents a slightly different theory of personal seals belonging to recipients of land grants (31 pages in double-spaced format)
Studies in the Iron Age Pottery of Israel		Zimhoni, Orna	1997	Contains the same excellent content as TA vol. 17 #1--a comprehensive, 50-page study of pottery--mostly storage jars--that can be associated with the most significant Assyrian & Babylonian attacks; only about 2 pages of specific LMLK content (drawings of 3 jars & a photo of Jar 10616) but also an interesting page about lids/stoppers
Windows to the Past		Deutsch, Robert & Heltzer, Michael	1997	Presents the incised LMLK oil jar (2 pages of text plus a photo & line drawing)
BAR vol. 23 #2	No Trained Epigraphist Would Confuse the Two	McCarter Jr., P. Kyle	Mar/Apr 1997	Single-page defense of the Siloam Inscription's 8th-century authenticity compared to other inscriptions from then (color photo of M2U)
BAR vol. 23 #5	Royal Rosettes Fit for a King	Cahill, Jane M.	Sep/Oct 1997	Primarily discusses rosettes on stamped jar handles but also shows photos of them in Hittite/Assyrian art (about 5 pages of text, photo of H4L, color photo of M2U)
Gods, Goddesses, & Images of God in Ancient Israel		Keel, Othmar & Uehlinger, Christoph	1998 (English edition translated by Thomas H. Trapp)	About a page of content that concentrates on the scarab & disc icons (drawings of Welten's H IA 1, H IB 1, M IIA 3, S IIA 1, Z IIB 1)
Jerusalem Archaeological Park, The		Reich, Ronny & Avni, Gideon & Winter, Tamar	1999	Guidebook for tourists to excavation sites around Jerusalem (no significant text, but includes 1911 M2T drawing)
Messages from the Past		Deutsch, Robert	1999 (English edition)	Contains photos, drawings, & descriptions of Hebrew bullae from the time of Isaiah to the destruction of Solomon's temple, including 3 with "LMLK" inscribed on them)
Theology, History, & Archaeology in the Chronicler's Account of Hezekiah		Vaughn, Andrew G.	1999	The single document with the most up-to-date information about LMLK jar handles
BASOR 313	Palaeographic Dating of Judaean Seals & Its Significance for Biblical Research	Vaughn, Andrew G.	February 1999	Demonstrates via paleographic analysis how Hebrew inscriptions cannot be precisely dated in the late 8th to late 7th centuries B.C. & includes an exhaustive table containing almost every letter from LMLK personal seals (16 pages of text, 11 photos, 11 tables of script drawings--1 of them extends over 4 pages!)
Archaeology & the Bible		Laughlin, John C.H.	2000	Single page summary with an H2U handle photo
Jewish Quarter Excavations in the Old City of Jerusalem Conducted by Nahman Avigad, 1969-1982: Vol. I		Geva, Hillel & Avigad, Nahman & Barkay, Gabriel	2000	Description of Areas A, W, & X-2 stratigraphy with an excellent overview chapter on LMLK & related seal impressions including circle incisions (11 pages of text, photos of 42 impressions, & corpus chart that introduces an axis orientation system)
Monographs of the Hebrew Union College #23	In the Service of the King: Officialdom in Ancient Israel & Judah	Fox, Nili Sacher	2000	Minor revision of her 1997 dissertation entitled "Royal Functionaries..." (20 pages in this format)
Qedem: Monographs of the Institute of Archaeology 41	Excavations at the City of David 1978-1985 Directed by Yigal Shiloh vol. 6: Inscriptions	Ariel, Donald T. & Shoham, Yair	2000	Only 1 page of text & a corpus table, but 2 plates of impression photos (17) & drawings (13) & a plate of circle photos (including 2 handles with personal seals & circles)
Archaeology of the Land of the Bible vol. 2		Stern, Ephraim	March 2001	Briefly discusses Horvat Shilha handles & LMLK bullae (2 pages of text with a line drawing of the Lachish bulla)
JBS issue 1:2	Reading Religious Artifacts: The Shrine Room at Judahite Tell Halif	Jacobs, Paul	Apr/Jun 2001	Provides details about 2 restored "lamelek type" storage jars
Im Schatten Deiner Flugel		Keel, Othmar & Staubli, Thomas	2001	German book that suggests the scarab icon on LMLK seals represents YHWH as the God of Jerusalem with a presentation of Christian dove art implying a continuity of iconographic tradition (color photo of H4C & S4L handles)
NEASB vol. 46	Judean Jar Handles Bearing Concentric Circles	Ji, Chang-Ho	2001	Examination of handles with Circle marks that suggests they were made during Manasseh's reign (11 pages; drawings of S2DW, M2D, x2x; photos of H2U & H4L from Lachish & x2x with Circles at Horn Archaeological Museum)
Qedem: Monographs of the Institute of Archaeology 42	Timnah (Tel Batash) II: The Finds from the First Millennium BCE, Plates	Mazar, Amihai & Panitz-Cohen, Nava	2001	Companion drawings for the "Text" book of all the jars & handles recovered
Qedem: Monographs of the Institute of Archaeology 42	Timnah (Tel Batash) II: The Finds from the First Millennium BCE, Text	Mazar, Amihai & Panitz-Cohen, Nava	2001	Comprehensive discussion of all the jars & handles recovered (9 pages of text, 1 jar photo, 12 impression photos)
Complete Guide to the Temple Mount Excavations, The		Mazar, Eilat	2002	Provides a comprehensive overview of archaeological activity in Jerusalem by various excavators (drawings of an S4L handle & the 1868 shaft/gallery where Warren found the first LMLK handles)
Upon This Rock		Zola Levitt Ministries & Barkay, Gabriel	2002	1-hour video with a few minutes of Gabriel Barkay at the Kidron Valley dumps of Temple Mount debris, where he mentions Warren's pioneering excavations & shows the original handle drawings
BAR vol. 28 #1	Return to Aroer: A Trip Through the Ages with the Ageless Avraham Biran	Feldman, Steven	Jan/Feb 2002	Color photo of a Z2U handle; no significant text
ZDPV vol. 118 #2	Temptation to Identify: Jerusalem, MMST, & the LMLK Jar Stamps	Kletter, Raz	2002	Reviews the reasons for locating MMST near Hebron & proposes 2 phases of usage (one pre-revolt & one post-revolt) but then gives 5 arguments against it (10 pages including 2 maps)
Catholic Biblical Quarterly vol. 64 #3	Reassessment of Hezekiah's Reform in Light of Jar Handles & Iconographic Evidence, A	Swanson, Kristin A.	July 2002	About 9 pages of text exploring the relevance of LMLK icons to the report in 2Kings of Hezekiah breaking the serpent pole of Moses, all being Egyptian symbols, their disuse indicating submission to Assyria
BAR vol. 28 #4	Lasting Impressions: New Bullae Reveal Egyptian-Style Emblems on Judah's Royal Seals	Deutsch, Robert	Jul/Aug 2002	A tremendous, landmark article that presents 3 of King Hezekiah's personal seals based on 6 impressions including one with 2 ankhs beside a winged disc, a bulla from King Ahaz's personal seal, & 4 other bullae from servants of Hezekiah plus a discussion of iconography & plene/defectiva orthography (9 pages, an epigraphy chart, photos of 11 bullae (with drawings), the sealed Elephantine papyrus, & a Z2D handle)
Like a Bird in a Cage		Grabbe, Lester L.	2003	Presentations by multiple authors at a 2000 seminar discussing various aspects related to Sennacherib's attack of Judah, but Grabbe's introduction rehearses important LMLK corpora (15 pages of text)
Book & the Spade (#883 & 884), The	Hezekiah & L'Melech Handles I & II	Vaughn, Andy & Govier, Gordon	January 2003	A 24-minute radio interview (originally recorded in the Fall of 2002 & broadcast in January of 2003 in 2 parts) that succinctly explains the difference between Samuel/Kings & Chronicles, & notes how LMLK handles support the reliability of Chronicles
LRW	LMLK Seals in the Michael Welch Collection	Welch, Michael	March 2003	(published online; click here to read it)
BAR vol. 29 #3	Mounds of Mystery: Where the Kings of Judah Were Lamented	Barkay, Gabriel	May/Jun 2003	Presents an overview of 19 tumuli & interprets #4 as belonging to King Hezekiah based mostly on 2 LMLK handles & 2 handles with circles excavated there (small color photos of Z2D & x4L handles)
Biblical Period Hebrew Bullae--The Josef Chaim Kaufman Collection		Deutsch, Robert	2003	Includes photos of 6 LMLK bulla & 4 bullae from King Hezekiah's personal seals
Shlomo: Studies in the Epigraphy, Iconography, History & Archaeology in Honor of Shlomo Moussaieff	Hoard of Fifty Hebrew Clay Bullae from the Time of Hezekiah in the Shlomo Moussaieff Collection, A	Deutsch, Robert	2003	Includes photos of a Maon LMLK bulla, 3 bullae from King Hezekiah's personal seals, & several bullae made by seals of King Hezekiah's servants
Khirbet Nisyah: The Search for Biblical Ai, 1979-2002		Livingston, David	2003	Excavation report including an x2x handle photo with interesting correspondence between the author/excavator & Albright & Kelso over the locations of Bethel & Ai
Khirbet Qumran et Ain Feshkha II		Humbert, Jean-Baptiste & Gunneweg, Jan & Lemaire, Andre	2003	French excavation report including a G2T photo
'Atiqot vol. 47	Excavations at Kikkar Safra (City Hall), Jerusalem 1989	Maeir, Aren M. & Bahat, Dan	2004	A paragraph of text mentioning an S2U found in a modern context (includes handle drawings & photo)
LMLK--A Mystery Belonging to the King vol. 1		Grena, G.M.	April 2004	Click here to preview the contents
LRW	Michael Welch's Review of "LMLK--A Mystery Belonging to the King vol. 1"	Welch, Michael	June 2004	(published online; click here to read it)
Hasmodia newspaper		Deutsch, Shaul Shimon	18 August 2004	Announcement of newly acquired jar at The Living Torah Museum with description of Assyrian conquest of Lachish & defeat at Jerusalem (photos of Jars 10091, 8162 from Lachish, the LMLK SMN SPR jar, & Warren's original Z2D stamp)
IEJ vol. 54 #2	Rosette-stamped Handles: Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis	Yellin, Joseph & Cahill, Jane M.	2004	Provides results of a chemical analysis of Rosette handles, & compares them to LMLK Type 484 handles & LMLK pithoi (21 pages including 4 tables & 2 graphs)
Renewed Archaeological Excavations at Lachish (1973-1994) Volume I, The		Ussishkin, David	2004	Contains a detailed overview of work at the site with scattered references to LMLK stamps (color photos of 3 restored jars, 2 H4L stamps, 1 S2U handle)
Renewed Archaeological Excavations at Lachish (1973-1994) Volume IV, The		Ussishkin, David & Zimhoni, Orna & Barkay, Gabriel & Vaughn, Andrew G.	2004	Section written by Zimhoni = TA vol. 17 #1; section written by Barkay & Vaughn = TA vol. 23 #1 with an exhaustive list of handles excavated prior to Ussishkin's work; section written by Ussishkin lists each handle he excavated, & he states a preference for the designation "private" rather than "official" for the Personal seals (24 pages of text plus tables & charts, photos & drawings of 8 jars [including overhead drawings showing the position of each stamp on each handle], 2 H2U, 2 S2U, 1 x2U, 5 H4L [including 1 with Plus mark], & 3 H4C stamps)
B&S vol. 18 #1	What Are lmlk Stamps and What Were They Used For?	Grena, G.M.	Winter 2005	Overview of theories with an emphasis on the possible relation between the seals & the men of King Hezekiah mentioned in Proverbs 25 (5 pages of text, color photos of G2T, H2D, M2U, S4L, Z4CI handles, color map showing LMLK sites over 12-tribe territory, drawings of all 21 types)
LRW	G.M. Grena's Review of RAEL	Grena, G.M.	January 2005	(published online; click here to read it)
BAR vol. 31 #4	Why Lachish Matters: A Major Site Gets the Publication It Deserves	King, Philip J.	Jul/Aug 2005	Presents an excellent, comprehensive overview of Lachish data, but erroneously states all LMLK handles came from Level 3 (color photos of H4L & S2U stamps)
BAR vol. 31 #5	Discovering Hebron: The City of the Patriarchs Slowly Yields Its Secrets	Chadwick, Jeffrey R.	Sep/Oct 2005	Presents an excellent overview of excavations at Hebron focusing on Bronze Age data (color photo of van der Veen's H2U)
LMLK Blogspot	Intact Jars--Watch Your Mouths!	Grena, G.M.	June 3-7 2006	(published online; click here to read it)
Israel Philatelist vol. 57 #3, The	Part 1 (Flying Scroll) Digging Deeper into the 1948 Festival Stamps	Grena, G.M.	June 2006	Archaeological update for Israel's first postage stamps in 1948 with an emphasis on the original design (4 pages; Z2U illustration & its matching impression photo; color photo of 2 Z2U handles from the Redondo Beach collection)
BAR vol. 32 #5	Royal Palace, Royal Portrait?: The Tanatalizing Possibilities of Ramat Rahel	Barkay, Gabriel	Sep/Oct 2006	Argues for MMST = Ramat Rahel (photo of M2D handle & painted shard, theoretically depicting King Hezekiah)
'I Will Speak the Riddles of Ancient Times': Archaeological & Historical Studies in Honor of Amihai Mazar on the Occasion of His Sixtieth Birthday vol. 2	lmlk Jar-Form Redefined: A New Class of Iron Age II Oval-Shaped Storage Jar, The	Gitin, Seymour & Maeir, A. M. & de Miroschedji, P.	2006	Proposes a new classification system combining LMLKs & Rosettes, stamped & unstamped, 4- & 2-handled jars spanning 2 centuries (17 pages, small drawings of 3 LMLK-stamped jars)
'I Will Speak the Riddles of Ancient Times': Archaeological & Historical Studies in Honor of Amihai Mazar on the Occasion of His Sixtieth Birthday vol. 2	Function of the m(w)sh-Stamped Jars Revisited, The	Edelman, Diana & Maeir, A. M. & de Miroschedji, P.	2006	Mostly reviews Mozah theories in the Babylonian rather than Persian period, & draws some parallels to LMLKs (13 pages overall, but only about 2 with specific LMLK content)
Journal for Semitics vol. 15 #2	Seals of Jezebel & Other Women in Authority	Korpel, Marjo C.A.	2006	Analyzes an unprovenanced personal seal inscribed "YZBL" with Egyptian icons (photos of an H2D & S4L; only 1 page of LMLK content, but footnote 36 on p. 361 is the first reference to this website in a formal scientific publication)
Qumran Excavations 1993-2004 Preliminary Report, The		Magen, Yitzhak & Peleg, Yuval	2007	Color photo of an H2D handle with a brief description of where it was excavated
BAR vol. 33 #2	Mystery of Nechushtan, The	Shanks, Hershel	Mar/Apr 2007	Reviews Swanson's argument that the icons are Egyptian symbols, & their disuse demonstrates loyalty to Assyria (color photo of M2U)
Ancient Israel at War 853-586 BC		Kelle, Brad E.	2007	Discussion of Lachish that says the inscriptions meant "for the king" from 4 "regional supply cities" (photos of Jar 5400 & M2D with Circles)
Catalogue of the Western Asiatic Seals in the British Museum: Stamp Seals III		Mitchell, T. C. & Searight, Ann	2007	3 pages with 8 drawings of stamps from Tell ed-Duweir (catalog #797-806)
Hadashot Arkheologiyot vol. 119	Nahal Yo'el Final Report	Baruch, Yuval	2007	English version of 9/5/2007 Hebrew report of October 2002 salvage excavation, where an "H2x" handle was discovered, but the drawing more closely resembles a Z2D
Hadashot Arkheologiyot vol. 119	Khirbat el Mas'ud	Nagorsky, Alla	2007	English version of 11/2/2007 Hebrew report of September 2003 salvage excavation, where an S2DW handle was discovered just north of the northern Sokoh (1 page with color handle photo)
Hadashot Arkheologiyot vol. 120	Jerusalem, Arnona Final Report	Nagar, Annette	2008	English version of 3/8/2008 Hebrew report of May 2006 salvage excavation, where an S4L handle was discovered near Kefar 'Ezyon Street (Kfar Etsyon Street; 1 page with color handle photo)
BAR vol. 34 #3	Nebi Samwil: Where Samuel Crowned Israel's First King	Magen, Yitzhak	May/Jun 2008	Argues for this being the site of Mizpah instead of Tell en-Nasbeh (very small color photo of H2T, Z2D, & 2 x2x handles)
From Antiquity to the Present	Administration in Judah in the 8th and 7th Centuries B.C.	Millard, Alan	2008	Suggests LMLKs collected & distributed produce brought to centres as tax or given out as payment beginning with Ahaz for annual Assyrian tribute (2 pages within 9 total about weights & general admin)
Journal of Epigraphy & Rock Drawings, Third Issue	Arabian Seals and Bullae Along the Trade Routes of Judah and Edom	van der Veen, Pieter Gert	2009	Defends "LNRT" reading of LMRA impression (2 pages; includes photo of plasticine impression)
Archaeology, Stamps and Coins of the State of Israel		Zahavy, Yitzhak	31 December 2009	A few overview paragraphs (color photo of 2 Z2U handles on cover; H2D handle photo inside)
Archaeology Book, The		Down, David	February 2010	Single paragraph about the mystery with a color H2D handle photo
TA vol. 37 #1	Royal Judahite Jar Handles: Reconsidering the Chronology of the lmlk Stamp Impressions	Lipschits, Oded & Sergi, Omer & Koch, Ido	June 2010	Proposed chronological division based on seal types (26 pages & a figure showing 19 seal drawings)
B&I	Considering the Reconsidering of LMLK Chronology	Grena, G.M.	August 2010	(published online; click here to read it)
DigSight Issue 15	Southern Surveys Khirbet Shuweikeh--Tel Socoh	Hasel, Michael G.	Fall 2010	Description of a surface survey (1 page; color photos of H2D & Personal handles)
NEASB vol. 55	LMLK Storage Jars & the Reign of Uzziah: Towards a Mid-eighth Century B.C. Terminus a Quo for the Royal Jars of the Kingdom of Judah, The	Hudon, Jeffrey P.	2010	Affirms multi-reign usage of stamped jars with MMST = Ramat Rahel's estate, not the palace (13 pages)
TA vol. 38 #1	Judahite Stamped and Incised Jar Handles: A Tool for Studying the History of Late Monarchic Judah	Lipschits, Oded & Sergi, Omer & Koch, Ido	June 2011	Elaborates on chronological divisions between early/late LMLKs, Circles, Rosettes (31 pages, 4 distribution maps, 3 corpus tables)
TA vol. 38 #2	Dating of the lmlk Storage Jars and Its Implications: Rejoinder to Lipschits, Sergi and Koch; The	Ussishkin, David	November 2011	Reaffirms his belief that all LMLK types date to the period shortly before Sennacherib's invasion of Judah (21 pages & 1 Lachish M2D with Circles photo)
B&I	Considering the Rejoinder to LMLK Chronology	Grena, G.M.	February 2012	(published online; click here to read it)
Journal of Hebrew Scriptures vol. 12, article 4	Archaeological Facts, Historical Speculations & the Date of the LMLK Storage Jars: A Rejoinder to David Ussishkin	Lipschits, Oded	March 2012	(published online; click here to read it)
ASOR Blog	On Shopping for Artifacts in the Holy Land: A Response to Morag M. Kersel	Grena, G.M.	April 9, 2012	(published online; click here to read it)

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This page was created on April 6, 2002, & last updated on May 28, 2012